Abstract:
This article presents the Descriptive Analysis as a theoretical and methodological tool applicable to different disciplinary fields. Many research works in the field of Social and Human Sciences do not consider important that researchers specify the theoretical and methodological supports for their explanatory inferences, i.e. how they have gone from the selected referent to the argument with which they intend to represent it ignoring, thus, the problem of the representation of the referent in a treatable data and the transformation of the natural language (NL) into a descriptive language (DL). It is worth remembering, then, that in our research work, the object of study (fact, phenomenon, subject) turns to be a representation and, therefore, the observation becomes an argument or an image to work with. Two examples from the field of Psychology and Ethology are put forward. Both examples show that by codification, the use of this method goes beyond computer and formal supports; on the one hand, it takes into account a base of knowledge and information related to a particular domain, and on the other hand, it makes evident the inferences followed in the reasoning and the rules of interpretation used in reaching new knowledge.